The United States Federal Election Day is one day set forth as a Tuesday in November on even numbered years.

United States Constitution, Article I, Section 4: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

2 U.S. Code § 7 - Time of election: The Tuesday next after the 1st Monday in November, in every even numbered year, is established as the day for the election, in each of the States and Territories of the United States, of Representatives and Delegates to the Congress commencing on the 3d day of January next thereafter.

(R.S. § 25; Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 130, § 6, 18 Stat. 400; June 5, 1934, ch. 390, § 2, 48 Stat. 879.)

Federal Law: Is there a right to vote before election day? NO

Only Alabama, Mississippi and New Hampshire complies with Federal law having only one Election Day**.

To ensure security and evidence of voter intent, New Hampshire exclusively uses paper ballots.

Alabama, Mississippi and New Hampshire accommodates voters that are unable to vote on Election Day by allowing requests for an absentee ballot prior to Election Day; there are no unrequested mail-in ballots; and Voter ID requirements are used to prove one's right to vote.

In New Hampshire ballots must be counted within 48 hours after the polls close; same day voter registration is permitted and machines may be used to count the paper ballots.

Upon inspection of the tabular presentations below, it is intuitively obvious to the most casual observer that, except for Alabama, Mississippi and New Hampshire, compliance with Federal law has been totally lost and "Election Day" has expanded to as many as 50 days or 1,200 hours.

A compelling question: Who is securing the ballots for 1,200 hours?

When states began processing & counting absentee/mail-in ballots in 2022

This article lists the dates on which states could begin processing and counting absentee/mail-in ballots for the 2022 general election. These dates reflecting statutory law are estimated and may be temporarily revised by state and/or local officials.

2022 general election facts:

 8 states provide that processing can begin only on Election Day; and

 35 states and the District of Columbia provide that counting can begin only on Election Day or after.

 16 states and the District of Columbia require no identity document to vote.

 8 states and the District of Columbia conduct elections primarily by mail [California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, Washington] .

However, Election Day has extended way beyond 24 hours in many jurisdictions:

 42 states and the District of Columbia allowed processing to begin before Election Day; and

 15 states allowed for counting to begin before Election Day.

Background

Upon receiving completed absentee/mail-in ballots, election officials must first process the ballots before they can be counted. Processing generally entails verifying voter signatures and physically preparing ballots for tabulation. Processing practices can vary widely from state to state. Counting entails the actual tabulation of votes (and processing ballots through tallying machines).

When states can begin processing and counting absentee/mail-in ballots

Processing and counting dates for November 8, 2022, general election
# State When processing can begin When counting can begin
1 Alabama ** 7 a.m. on Election Day. After the polls close on Election Day.
2 Alaska Seven days before Election Day. 8 p.m. on Election Day.
3 Arizona Upon receipt. Tallying can begin immediately after processing, but results may not be released before all precincts have reported or one hour after the close of polls on Election Day. Releasing information earlier is a felony.
4 Arkansas Seven days before Election Day. 8:30 a.m. on Election Day., but results are not reported until after the polls close on Election Day.
5 California Twenty-nine days before Election Day. A vote count can be accessed or released at 8 p.m. on Election Day.
6 Colorado Upon receipt. Fifteen days before Election Day, but the count cannot be released until after 7 p.m. on Election Day.
7 Connecticut At the discretion of the local registrar of voters. At the discretion of the local registrar of voters.
8 Delaware Friday before Election Day. Friday before Election Day, but the count cannot be extracted or reported until polls close on Election Day.
* District of Columbia Signatures can be verified and the secrecy envelope removed prior to tabulation. Exact timing not specified. After the polls close on Election Day.
10 Florida Upon receipt. Upon the completion of the public testing of automatic tabulating equipment (which begins not more than 25 days before early voting commences). Releasing the results early is a felony.
11 Georgia Signature verification conducted Upon receipt, and further processing can begin at 8 a.m. on the Third Monday before Election Day. 7 a.m. on Election Day.
12 Hawaii Signature verification conducted Upon receipt, and further processing can begin eighteen days before Election Day. Eighteen days before Election Day, but results cannot be disclosed until after the polls close on Election Day.
13 Idaho Signature verification conducted Upon receipt. Ballots are not opened until they are delivered to the polls or central location for counting. After the polls close on Election Day.
14 Illinois Signature verification must begin within Two days of receipt. After the polls close on Election Day.
15 Indiana Upon receipt. Depending upon the county, 6 a.m. on Election Day. or immediately after the electronic poll books used at each polling place or vote center have been updated to indicate the county received the absentee ballot.
16 Iowa Day before Election Day if directed by the commissioner to do so. On Election Day, at a time set by the election commissioner to allow a reasonable amount of time to complete the count of absentee ballots by 10 p.m. on Election Day. The commissioner may also choose to convene the board the day before the election.
17 Kansas Prior to Election Day. Exact timing not specified. Ballots may be counted prior to Election Day, but final tabulation shall not be completed until Election Day.
18 Kentucky May begin fourteen days before Election Day and must start by 8 a.m. on Election Day. Counting begins after all absentee ballots have been processed.
19 Louisiana Parishes with more than 1,000 absentee ballots may begin three days before Election Day with written approval of the secretary of state, or one day before Election Day without. Parishes with fewer than 1,000 absentee ballots may begin prior to the close of polls on Election Day. Counting may begin before the polls close on Election Day., but no later than 8 p.m. on Election Day.
20 Maine Seven days before Election Day if notice of processing times is posted at least thrity days before Election Day. After the polls close on Election Day.
21 Maryland On October 1, 2022[2]; thrity-nine days before Election Day. October 1, 2022[2]
22 Massachusetts Upon receipt. On Election Day and no later than an hour after the polls close.
23 Michigan Two days before Election Day.[3] At 7 a.m. on Election Day. Anyone with access to absentee ballot counting must sign an oath that information related to processing and tallying will not be communicated in any way until after the polls close.
24 Minnesota Verification Upon receipt. After the close of business on the seventh day before the election, verified ballots can be opened and deposited in a ballot box. After the polls close on Election Day.
25 Mississippi ** On Election Day when polls open. After the polls close on Election Day.
26 Missouri Five days before Election Day. On Election Day.
27 Montana Signature verification conducted Upon receipt. Three business days before Election Day, election officials may open the secrecy envelope and place the ballot in a secured ballot box until tabulation occurs. one day before Election Day, if using a vote-counting machine. Tabulation using a manual count may not begin until Election Day. Access to an electronic system containing early tabulation results is limited to the election administrator and the election administrator’s designee.
28 Nebraska Verification can begin the second Friday before Election Day. If approved, the envelope can be opened, the ballot unfolded and flattened and placed in a sealed container. Twenty-four hours before the opening of the polls. No results shall be released until after polls close on Election Day.
29 Nevada Signature verification conducted Upon receipt. Fifteen days before Election Day, and counting must be completed by the seventh day after the election. Results may not be reported until the close of the polls.
30 New Hampshire ** At 1 p.m. on Election Day, unless a different time, no earlier than two hours after the opening of the polls, is posted and announced. After the polls close on Election Day.
31 New Jersey Signature verification conducted Upon receipt. The inner envelopes cannot be opened until Election Day. On Election Day.
32 New Mexico Any time after mailed ballots have been sent until the fifth day before the election, the county clerk may convene an election board to verify returned mail ballots. If more than 10,000 absentee ballots are sent, they may be opened and inserted into an electronic voting machine Two weeks before Election Day. If fewer than 10,000 absentee ballots are sent, they may be opened and inserted into an electronic voting machine five days before the election. Absentee ballots are inserted into vote-counting machines before Election Day, but votes are not counted until after the polls close. It is unlawful for a person to disclose the results of a count prior to the close of the polls or the deadline for receiving mailed ballots.
33 New York Verification within four days of receipt. Ballots are placed in counting machines and scanned the day before the first day of early voting. One hour before the polls close on Election Day., but results cannot be released until the close of polls on Election Day.
34 North Carolina At county board of elections meetings, beginning the fifth Tuesday before Election Day. Counties using optical scan devices may remove ballots from their envelopes and place them in tabulators. 5 p.m. on Election Day., unless a resolution is adopted at least two weeks before the election to allow counting for all absentee ballots to begin at 2 p.m. on Election Day. Results shall not be announced before 7:30 p.m. on Election Day.
35 North Dakota Three business days before Election Day. After the polls close on Election Day.
36 Ohio Processing, including using automatic tabulating equipment to scan ballots, may begin before the time for counting ballots at a time determined by the board of elections. Exact timing not specified. Exact timing not specified, but the count may not be disclosed prior to the close of the polls.
37 Oklahoma 10 a.m. on the Thursday before Election Day, or earlier with approval by the secretary of the state election board. On Election Day or prior to Election Day with approval by the secretary of the state election board. When counting occurs before Election Day, the county election board shall remove the election results storage media from the voting device, without obtaining a printout of results, and seal ballots counted that day in a transfer case secured by the sheriff until the time the board next meets to count. Results cannot be reported earlier than 7 p.m. on Election Day.
38 Oregon Upon receipt. Results may not be made public until after 8 p.m. on Election Day.
39 Pennsylvania 7 a.m. on Election Day. At 7 a.m. on Election Day., but the votes may not be recorded or published until after the polls close.
40 Rhode Island Fourteen days before Election Day. 8 p.m. on Election Day.
41 South Carolina 9 a.m. on Election Day. 9 a.m. on Election Day. Results may not be reported until after the polls close.
42 South Dakota On Election Day prior to the close of the polls. After the polls close on Election Day.
43 Tennessee Signature verification conducted Upon receipt. On Election Day after the polls open and no later than four hours before closing for general elections, or two hours before closing for all other elections.
44 Texas No more than Twenty days before Election Day. When the polls open on Election Day. In a jurisdiction with more than 100,000 people, counting can begin at the end of the early in-person voting period.
45 Utah Processing may begin before Election Day. Exact timing not specified. Counting may begin before Election Day. Exact timing not specified. Results may not be reported until after the polls close on Election Day.
46 Vermont Ballots may be deposited into the vote tabulator Thirty days before Election Day, if the board of civil authority votes to do so. At the close of polls on Election Day.
47 Virginia Upon receipt. At the close of polls on Election Day., but ballots may be inserted into ballot-counting machines prior to the closing of the polls. If absentee ballots are counted by hand, tallying may begin after noon on Election Day. Vote counts may not be reported until after the polls close.
48 Washington Upon receipt. 8 p.m. on Election Day. No person may divulge any results of the count prior to 8 p.m. on Election Day. A violation is a misdemeanor.
49 West Virginia Absentee ballots are delivered to precincts on Election Day. On Election Day. Results may not be disclosed until the polls close and precinct returns are posted on the door of polling places; to do so is a violation of the oath taken by the counting board.
50 Wisconsin After the polls open on Election Day. After the polls open on Election Day.
51 Wyoming Thursday or Friday before Election Day. On Election Day.

Retrieved from ballotpedia.org     Updated: October 21,2023

States (47) and Territories (4*) with Early In-Person Voting 

Dates for November 8, 2022, general election
# State/Territory Early Voting Begins Early Voting Ends Locations Hours and Days  Statute(s)
1

Alaska  

Fifteen days before Election Day  

Day of election

Elections supervisors’ offices.  

Other locations as designated by election director.  

Normal business hours on weekdays,  

10 a.m.-4 p.m. on the Saturday before an election,  

12 p.m.-4 p.m. on the Sunday before an election  

AS §15.20.064  AS §15.20.045  

2

Arizona  

Twenty-seven days before Election Day  

Friday before election    

Recorder’s office.  

Any other locations in the county the recorder deems necessary.  

Not specified  

ARS §16-541  

ARS §16-542  

3

Arkansas  

Fifteen days before Election Day  

5 p.m. Monday before Election Day  

Offices of county clerk.  

Other locations as determined by county board of election commissioners.  

8 a.m.-6 p.m. on weekdays,  

10 a.m.-4 p.m. on the Saturday before the election,  

until 5 p.m. the Monday before the election  

AR Code §7-5-418  

4

California  

Twenty-nine days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Day of election

County election officials’ offices.  

Satellite locations as determined by county election officials.  

Varies from county to county  

Elec. Code § 3000.5  

Elec. Code §3001  

Elec. Code §3018  

5

Colorado  

Voter service and polling centers must be open Fifteen days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Day of election

Determined by county election officials.  

Every day but Sunday during the early voting period. Normal business hours (but may be expanded by county board of commissioners).  

C.R.S. §1-5-102  

6

Connecticut  

Fifteen days before Election Day  

Two days before Election Day  

Registrar of voters shall designate locations  

10 a.m. to 6 p.m.   

8 a.m. to 8 p.m. on the Tuesday and Thursday before the election.  

 

CT Public Act No. 23-5  

7

Delaware  

At least ten days before Election Day  

Sunday before Election Day  

Designated by state election commissioner.  

At least one per county and one additional in the City of Wilmington.  

At least eight hours per day. Polling sites must open at 7 a.m. on at least five days of early voting. Closing time is 7 p.m.  

Includes the Saturday and Sunday before the election.  

DE ST TI 15 § 5402  

DE ST TI 15 § 5404  

*

District of Columbia  

Twelve days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Saturday before Election Day  

No fewer than eight early voting centers, with at least one early voting center available in a central location within each election ward.  

8:30 a.m.-7 p.m.  

Sunday excluded.  

DC ST § 1-1001.09  

9

Florida  

Ten days before Election Day  

May be offered Eleven to Fifteen days before Election Day that contains state and federal races, at the discretion of the elections supervisor.  

Three days before Election Day  

May end two days before an election that contains state and federal races, at the discretion of the elections supervisor.  

Main or branch offices of elections supervisors.  

Other sites designated by the elections supervisor (locations must provide all voters in that area with equal opportunity to vote).  

No less than eight or more than 12 hours per day.  

Election supervisors may choose to provide additional days of early voting, including weekends.  

Fla. Stat. §101.657  

10

Georgia  

Fourth Monday before Election Day; as soon as possible prior to a runoff  

Friday before Election Day  

Board of registrars’ offices.  

Other sites as designated by boards of registrars (must be a government building generally accessible to the public).  

Normal business hours on weekdays,  

9 a.m.-4 p.m. on the second Saturday prior to primary or election.  

Election officials may provide for early voting beyond regular business hours.  

GA ST § 21-2-385  

11 *

Guam  

Thirty days before Election Day  

Five days before Election Day  

Any Commission office  

Not specified  

GU ST T. 3, § 10107  

12

Hawaii  

Ten business days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

7 p.m. on Election Day.  

Voter Service Centers  

Monday-Saturday 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.  

HRS § 11-131  

HRS § 11-109  

13

Idaho  

Third Monday before Election Day (in-person absentee)  

5 p.m., Friday before Election Day  

Determined by county clerk  

Not specified  

ID Code §34-1006  

ID Code §34-1002  

14

Illinois  

Forty days before Election Day for temporary polling locations and Fifteen days before Election Day for permanent locations  

End of Day before Election Day  

An election authority may establish permanent and temporary polling places for early voting at locations throughout the election authority’s jurisdiction, including but not limited to:  

Municipal clerk’s office  

Township clerk’s office  

Road district clerk’s office  

County or local public agency office.  

Early voting locations must be provided at public universities.  

Permanent early voting locations must remain open from the 15tth day before an election during the hours of 8:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. or 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on weekdays.  

Beginning eight days before an election, they must remain open 8:30 a.m.-7 p.m. or 9 a.m. -7 p.m. on weekdays, 9 a.m.-Noon on Saturdays and holidays, and 10 a.m.-4 p.m. on Sundays.  

Permanent early voting locations must stay open at least eight hours on any holiday and a total of at least 14 hours on the final weekend during the early voting period.  

Election authorities may decide the days and hours for temporary early voting locations, beginning the fortieth day before an election.  

10 ILCS 5/19A-15  

10 ILCS 5/19A-20  

15

Indiana  

Twenty-eight days before Election Day (in-person absentee)  

Noon, day before Election Day  

Office of circuit court clerk.  

County election board may adopt a resolution to authorize the circuit court clerk to establish satellite offices for early voting.  

The office of the circuit court clerk must permit in-person absentee voting for at least seven hours on each of the two Saturdays preceding election day, but a county with fewer than 20,000 voters may reduce this to a minimum of four hours on each of the two Saturdays preceding election day.  

Ind. Code §3-11-4-1  

Ind. Code 3-11-10-26  

16

Iowa  

Twenty days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

5 p.m., day before Election Day  

Commissioners’ offices  

Satellite locations may be established by commissioner.  

Satellite location must be established Upon receipt of a petition signed by at least 100 eligible electors requesting a specific location.  

A satellite station established by petition must be open at least one day for a minimum of six hours.  

IA Code §53.10  

IA Code §53.11(b)  

17

Kansas  

Twenty days before Election Day or Tuesday before Election Day (varies by county)  

Noon, day before Election Day  

Offices of county election officers.  

County election officers may designate satellite locations.  

Not specified  

KSA §25-1119  

KSA §25-1122a  

KSA §25-1123  

18

Kentucky  

Thursday before Election Day  

Saturday before Election Day  

Offices of county clerks or any other locations designated by the county board of elections.  

Eight hours between 6 a.m. 8 p.m. on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday immediately preceding the election.  

KY ST § 117.076  

19

Louisiana  

Fourteen days before Election Day  

Seven days before Election Day  

Registrars’ offices.  

Registrar may provide alternate location in the courthouse or a public building in the immediate vicinity thereof.  

One branch office of the registrar, as long as it is in a public building.  

8:30 a.m.-6 p.m., Monday through Saturday.  

Holidays excluded.  

LA R.S. 18:1303  

LA R.S. 18:1309  

20

Maine  

In-person absentee voting available as soon as absentee ballots are ready Thirty to Forty Five days before Election Day  

Three business days before Election Day, unless the voter has an acceptable excuse.  

Municipal clerks’ offices  

During regular business hours on days when clerks’ offices are open.  

ME ST T. 21-A § 753-A  

ME ST T. 21-A § 754-A  

21

Maryland  

Second Thursday before Election Day  

Thursday before an election  

Established by State Board of Elections in collaboration with local boards.  

Number required depends on county population and ranges from one to five per county.  

7 a.m.-8 p.m.  

MD Election Law §10-301.1  

22

Massachusetts  

Seventeen days before Election Day for state biennial election;
Ten days before Election Day for presidential or state primaries.
 

Four days before Election Day  

Early voting sites, which includes the local election office.  

Additional locations may be provided at the discretion of the city or town registrar.  

Regular business hours and on weekends; hours vary by size of jurisdiction. City or town clerks may provide additional hours at their discretion.  

M.G.L.A. 54 §25B  

23

Michigan  

   

Nine days before an election

Sunday before Election Day  

Early voting sites may serve more than six precincts and may serve voters from more than one municipality.  

During regular business hours and for at least eight hours during the Saturday and Sunday immediately prior to the election.  

Local election officials have the authority to make in-person absentee voting available for additional times and places beyond what is required.  

MI CONST Art. 2, § 4  

24

Minnesota  

Forty-six days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

5 p.m. Day before Election Day  

Elections offices or any other location designated by county auditor.  

Monday through Friday regular business hours.  

10 a.m.-3 p.m. on Saturday before Election Day;
10 a.m.-5 p.m. on Day before Election Day.
 

M.S.A. §203B.081  

M.S.A. §203B.085  

25

Missouri  

Second Tuesday before Election Day  

Not specified.  

Locations designated by the election authority.  

Not specified.  

MO ST 115.277  

26

Montana  

Thirty days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

Day before Election Day  

Elections offices  

Not specified  

M.C.A. §13-13-205  

27

Nebraska  

Thirty days before Election Day  

Election Day  

County clerk or election commissioners’ offices  

Not specified  

NE ST § 32-808  

NE ST §32-938  

NE ST 32-942  

28

Nevada  

Third Saturday before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Friday before Election Day  

Permanent places for early voting as designated by county clerk.  

Branch polling places for early voting as designated by county clerk.  

There are special requirements for early voting sites on Native American reservations.  

Monday through Friday for at least eight hours a day, to be established by the clerk. Any Saturday that falls within the early voting period for at least four hours, to be established by the clerk. A clerk may choose to offer Sunday hours as well.  

N.R.S. §293.356  

N.R.S. 293.3564  

N.R.S. 293.3568  

29

New Jersey  

Ten days before Election Day, but in-person absentee voting begins forty-five days before Election Day .  

Sunday before Election Day  

Each county board of elections shall designate at least three, but not more than five, public locations within each county, except that the county board shall designate at least five, but not more than seven public locations for early voting if the number of registered voters in the county is at least 150,000 but less than 300,000, and shall designate at least seven, but not more than 10 public locations for early voting if the number of registered voters in the county is 300,000 or more.  

Monday through Saturday 10 a.m.-8 p.m.  

Sunday 10 a.m.-6 p.m.  

NJ ST 19:15A-1  

30

New Mexico  

Twenty-eight days before Election Day at a clerk's office; on the Third Saturday before Election Day for alternate locations  

Saturday before Election Day  

Clerks’ offices and:  

In counties with more than 150,000 voters, clerks must establish at least 15 additional locations.  

In counties with 50,000-150,000 voters, clerks must establish at least four additional locations;  

and in counties with 10,000-50,000 voters, clerks must establish at least one alternate location.  

Hours are set by the clerk, and must begin no earlier than 7 a.m. and end no later than 9 p.m.  

Each alternate location must be open for at least eight consecutive hours on each day of early voting, and may be closed on Sundays and Mondays.  

N. M. S. A. 1978, § 1-6-5.7  

31

New York  

Ten days before Election Day  

Second day before Election Day  

At least one early voting location for every full increment of 50,000 registered voters in each county, but not more than seven are required. Counties with fewer than 50,000 registered voters shall have at least one early voting location. Counties and the city of New York may choose to establish more than the minimum required. Early voting sites shall be located so that voters have adequate and equitable access.  

Open for at least eight hours between 7 a.m.-8 p.m. each weekday during the early voting period.  

At least one early voting site shall be open until 8 p.m. on at least two weekdays in each calendar week during the early voting period.  

Open for at least five hours between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m. on each Saturday, Sunday and legal holiday during the early voting period.  

Boards of elections may establish a greater number of hours for voting during the early voting period beyond what is required.  

NY ELEC § 8-600  

32

North Carolina  

Third Thursday before Election Day  

3 p.m. on the last Saturday before Election Day  

Office of county board of elections.  

The county board of elections may choose to offer additional locations, subject to approval by the state board of elections. All sites must be open during the same days and hours.  

Monday through Friday during regular business hours at the county board of elections. A county board may conduct early voting on weekends.  

If the county board of elections opens early voting sites on Saturdays or Sundays during the early voting period, then all sites shall be open for the same number of hours uniformly throughout the county on those days.  

There are exceptions for counties with islands that contain no bridges to the mainland.  

N.C.G.S.A. §163-227.2  

33

North Dakota  

Fifteen days before Election Day  

Day before Election Day  

At the discretion of county auditor  

The county auditor chooses and publishes the hours.  

NDCC §16.1-07-15  

34

Ohio  

Twenty-nine days before Election Day (in-person absentee)  

2 p.m. Monday before Election Day  

Main office of board of elections.  

Board may conduct voting at a branch office only under certain conditions.  

8 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday through Friday, with some extended evening hours in the week prior to the election  

8 a.m.-4 p.m. on Saturday  

1-5 p.m. on the Sunday before Election Day.  

O.R.C. § 3509.051  

O.R.C. § 3509.01  

35

Oklahoma  

Wednesday before Election Day (in-person absentee)  

2 p.m. on the Saturday before Election Day  

At a location designated by the county election board. For counties of more than 25,000 registered voters or with an area of more than 1,500 square miles, more than one location may be designated.  

8 a.m.-6 p.m. on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday  

8 a.m.-2 p.m. on Saturday.  

OK ST T. 26 § 14-115.4  

36

Oregon  

Drop sites must open the Friday before Election Day, but may open as soon as ballots are available Eighteen days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Day of election

Election offices or other staffed locations (libraries, city halls, etc.) or outdoor mailboxes (drive-by or walking traffic).  

Normal business hours.  

OR ST §254.470  

37

Pennsylvania  

Fifty days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

5 p.m. first Tuesday before Election Day  

Local board of elections  

During regular business hours  

25 P.S. § 3146.2a  

38 *

Puerto Rico  

Not specified  

On or before Election Day  

Voting centers set up by the Commission  

Not specified  

PR ST T. 16 § 4739  

39

Rhode Island  

Twenty days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

Day before Election Day  

At local boards of canvassers  

During regular business hours  

RI ST §17-20-2.2  

40

South Carolina  

Two weeks before Election Day  

Day before Election Day  

At early voting centers  

8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. for statewide general elections; 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. for any elections that are not statewide general elections.  

SC Code § 7-13-25  

41

South Dakota  

Forty-six days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

5 p.m. the day before the election  

Office of the person in charge of elections  

Regular office hours  

S.D.C.L. §12-19-1.2  

S.D.C.L12-19-2.1  

42

Tennessee  

Twenty days before Election Day  

Five days before Election Day (seven days for a presidential preference primary)  

County election commission office or other location(s) designated by the county election commission.  

Offices must be open a minimum of three consecutive hours on weekdays and Saturdays between 8 a.m.-6 p.m. during the early voting period.  

On at least three days, offices must be open between 4:30-7 p.m., and on at least one Saturday from 8 a.m.-4 p.m. in counties with a population of over 150,000.  

TN ST §2-6-102(a)(1)  

TN ST § 2-6-103  

43

Texas  

Seventeen days before Election Day  

Four days before Election Day  

In a room in the offices of the county clerk, or elsewhere as determined by the clerk  

Each county has one main early voting center.  

During business hours on weekdays unless:  

Fewer than 1,000 voters, in which case three hours per day, or more than 100,000 voters, in which case 12 hours per day during the last week.  

Tex. Elec. Code §85.001  

Tex. Elec. Code §85.002  

44

Utah  

Fourteen days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

Friday before Election Day, though an election official may choose to extend the early voting period to the day before the election  

In government offices as determined by election officer  

At least four days per week, and on the last day of the early voting period.  

The election officer may elect to conduct early voting on a Saturday, Sunday or holiday.  

Utah Code §20A-3-601  

45

Vermont  

Forty-five days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

5 p.m. day before Election Day  

Offices of town clerks  

Clerks may make “mobile polling stations” available.  

Not specified  

VT ST T. 17 § 2531  

VT ST T. 17 § 2532a  

VT ST T. 17 § 2537  

46 *

U.S. Virgin Islands  

Fourteen days before Election Day  

Three days before Election Day  

Permanent main or branch office of the supervisor of elections for the district. The supervisor of elections may also designate public or government-owned facilities. However, these sites must be geographically located so as to provide all electors in the district an equal opportunity to cast a ballot, insofar as is practicable.  

No less than eight hours and no more than 12 hours per day at each site.  

VI ST T. 18 § 664  

47

Virginia  

   

Forty-five days before Election Day  

5 p.m. Saturday before Election Day  

Office of the general registrar. Additional locations in public buildings may be provided at local discretion.  

Regular business hours.  

A minimum of eight hours between 8 a.m.-5 p.m. on the two Saturdays before the election. The electoral board or general registrar may provide early voting on the two Sundays before the election, as well.  

VA Code Ann. § 24.2-701.1  

48

Washington  

Eighteen days before Election Day  

Elections primarily done by mail  

8 p.m. on Day of election.  

Election offices or other locations designated by the county auditor.  

Normal business hours.  

WA ST 29A.40.160  

49

West Virginia  

Thirteen days before Election Day  

Three days before Election Day  

Courthouse or the annex next to the courthouse  

County commission may designate additional areas, subject to requirements prescribed by the Secretary of State.  

Must be open 9 a.m.-5 p.m. on Saturdays through early voting period.  

W.V. Code §3-3-3  

50

Wisconsin  

Fourteen days before Election Day (in-person absentee)  

Sunday before Election Day  

Clerks’ offices  

A municipality shall specify the hours.  

Wis. Code §6.86(1)(b)  

51

Wyoming  

Forty days before Election Day
(in-person absentee)
 

Day before Election Day  

County clerks’ offices  

Courthouse or other public building  

Must be open regular hours on normal business days.  

Wyo. Stat. §22-9-105  

Wyo. Stat. §22-9-125  


Retrieved from ncsl.org     Updated: October 21,2023

Our National Election Process Lacks Voter Confidence

"80% of Americans Support Voter ID Laws and Early Voting"
- Gallup, August 22, 2016

"Make it easy to vote, hard to cheat."
- Georgia Governor Brian Kemp, March 31,2021

"Democrats Sue Georgia Election Officials Over Long Lines"
- Democratic Party of Georgia & DSCC, August 6, 2020

"Bolster America's infrastructure with paper ballots."
- Representaive Zoe Lofgren (D-CA-19), July 21, 2019

"NH secretary of state blows up the claims of 'voter suppression'."
- Kimberley A. Strassel, Wall Street Journal, April 22, 2021

Resolution on improving voter confidence in the national election process set forth in United States Code, Title 2. THE CONGRESS, Chapter 1, ELECTION OF SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES which was enacted pursuant to the United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 4, paragraph 1.

Whereas fair elections must ensure voter confidence;

Whereas fair elections must be transparent;

Whereas fair elections must use uniform procedures;

Whereas fair elections must ensure that only eligible voters cast ballots;

Whereas hand-marked paper ballots are secure, verifiable and auditable;

Whereas post-election audits of paper ballots must verify machine counts;

Whereas states use very different election rules and procedures;

Whereas balloting in some states began fifty days before election day;

Whereas counting ballots in some states continued weeks after election day;

Whereas balloting machines are subject to misuse, malfunction and tampering;

Whereas long lines created by the lack of poll resources are unacceptable;

Whereas longer balloting periods better the chance of election fraud; and

Whereas the last national election was rife with complaints and discord.

Resolved, that the Congress of the United States of America must affect in law a consistent national election process to be used throughout the Republic with modest common sense changes to U.S. Code, Title 2. Chapter 1, § 9 by adopting the following additions & deletions:

"Absentee ballots may be requested fourteen days prior to the time for election; counting of ballots shall be completed within two days thereafter; all votes for Representatives in Congress must be by written or printed ballot cast either in person or by requested absentee ballot; votes may be counted by or voting machine the use of which has been duly authorized by the State law; all votes received or recorded contrary to this section shall be of no effect."

NO ID REQUIRED TO VOTE IN SEVENTEEN STATES!


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Early Voting States


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Citizens for Better Elections


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The Constitution Of The United States


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One-Person, One-Vote Rule


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Recent Election Fraud Cases


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